2004-05-25

来自 Computer World 的报道

来自Computer World的报道

Chinese Internet users work to make knowledge free
An informal group of Chinese volunteers is working to build an online encyclopedia called Chinese Wikipedia to create a free source of information for Chinese Internet users.

Chinese Wikipedia (http://zh.wikipedia.org) is a Chinese-language offshoot of Wikipedia, an online English-language encyclopedia that is also available in a host of other languages. Wikipedia is a wiki, a term that is derived from the Hawaiian word for "quick" and used to describe Web sites that can be edited by any reader, including anonymous visitors.

Work on Wikipedia started in early 2001 and the project now has more than 6,000 active contributors working on 600,000 entries in 50 languages, according to the Wikipedia Web site, which noted the English version () offers more than 260,000 entries. All of the content on Wikipedia is copyrighted under the GNU Free Documentation License, a license for free content developed by the Free Software Foundation.

By any measure of common sense, Wikipedia and Chinese Wikipedia shouldn't work. The wiki format allows any visitor to the Chinese Wikipedia Web site, or that of its English-language cousin, to modify any of the pages in the encyclopedia by adding, changing or deleting information.

In theory, an Internet vandal could come to the site and easily deface or delete entries to the encyclopedia, wasting the efforts of numerous volunteers and rendering Chinese Wikipedia unusable. But wikis are essentially online databases of information and each modification is stored in the database, allowing information to be restored to the Web site if a page is deleted or defaced.

"The instantaneous editability surely is an attractive quality that will impact the future of Chinese cyberspace culture," said Menchi, a regular contributor to Chinese Wikipedia who requested his real name not be used for this story, in an e-mail interview.

Menchi, who was born in Taiwan, said the majority of the 100 regular contributors to Chinese Wikipedia are from Mainland China. As a result, most of the more than 9,000 entries contained in Chinese Wikipedia are written using the simplified Chinese characters used in China, rather than the traditional characters used in Taiwan, he said.

"One would assume and hope the impact (of Chinese Wikipedia) would be positive, 'liberating' the Mainlanders from the restrictive Communist censorship," Menchi said. "But reality often has a funny way of backfiring on us. It is very possible at the first sign of trouble the Communist government will put the Great Firewall up and permanently cut Mainlander Wikipedians off."

So far, that hasn't been a problem.

"Many Westerners are shocked to learn that Chinese Wikipedia has never been 'firewalled' by the Communist government, but many Mainlander Wikipedians actually think it抯 not surprising. They consider their government to be reasonable, so long as one does nothing insane to offend the government," Menchi said, noting that some contributors from Mainland China have suggested toning down entries on politically sensitive topics, such as Tibetan independence.

One reason why Chinese Wikipedia has not been blocked by Chinese censors may be the site's insistence that all entries reflect a neutral point of view, a policy that defines all Wikipedia versions in other languages. The neutral point of view is intended to avoid editing wars between contributors competing to impose their interpretation of various subjects on other readers.

"The site is not blocked en masse at the site level because its not obviously pro or against anything because of the neutral point of view policy," said Andrew Lih, an associate professor and director of technology at the University of Hong Kong's Journalism and Media Studies Center.

Another reason Chinese Wikipedia has not been blocked by Chinese censors may be its low profile and relatively small group of regular contributors. As the site gets more attention and attracts more contributors, Chinese censors may decide to block access to the site, giving an indication of how much exposure censors are willing to tolerate for a site like this, Lih said.

"As the profile gets higher and higher it's going to be interesting to measure what threshold these folks have for it," he said.

For now, the site remains accessible in China and makes available information on a range of sensitive topics, including an entry on the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

The entry, which includes the famous picture of an anonymous Chinese demonstrator facing off against a column of tanks, describes in detail events leading up to June 4, 1989, when Chinese soldiers used force to clear Tiananmen Square in central Beijing. It notes that the Chinese government reported more than 200 people were killed in that incident, including more than 30 students. But it goes on to note that foreign media reports estimated that more than 1,000 people were killed.

However, the entry also pushes the boundaries of objectivity, noting that some people believe the majority of the students who died on June 4, 1989, were hunger strikers who died of starvation -- a theory that was not widely reported by the official Chinese media or foreign press.

By comparison, the same entry on the English-version of Wikipedia notes that estimates for the number of people killed range as high as 2,600. The English entry makes no specific mention of official Chinese government estimates or the theory that those who died were hunger strikers who succumbed to starvation.

"The fact there is even the picture of the guy standing in front of the tanks in that article (on Chinese Wikipedia) is huge but there's other parts of it where you scratch your head and say, 'Well, I wouldn't put it that way,'" Lih said, noting that the openness of Wikipedia could serve to undermine the quality of information that is contained on the site.

"In the long run, as more Chinese get on to it, the Chinese Wikipedia could actually get worse in quality because you have people contributing to it that are not as enlightened or informed about this stuff as people who know the whole story," Lih said.

"On the other hand, it could open up a real debate. ...This could be a real eye-opener for the folks in China," he said.

Sumner Lemon

2004-05-18

建议

由于大陆封锁了blogspot,因此我建议最好找一个大陆网友能够访问的主页寄存空间来存放blog,只要支持FTP的就行。这样更有助于达到宣传的效果。希望大家推荐一些免费的主页寄存空间。

大家來寫維基百科全書

大家來寫維基百科全書
 李怡志/專題報導

 你曾經查過百科全書,但是你有想過,自己有天也可以編寫百科全書嗎?現在只要有一台可以上網的電腦、一點點的熱情,任何一個人,都能成為網路百科全書維基百科(Wikipedia)的作者。

 維基百科(www.wikipedia.org)是一個網路上的公開寫作計畫,2001年對外開放,經過3年的發展,影響力逐漸提高,這周才和Google、iTunes、BBC等網站一同獲得網路奧斯卡-Webby獎。

 維基剛開始時,只有31筆資料,還不如個人網站,但到今年5月,已經是個累積了70多萬筆詞條的超級大百科。整體而言,維基正以每天2千個新詞條的速度成長。其中最多的是英文,共有26萬多筆、德文也將近10萬筆,都超過市面上的大型百科全書。而日文、義大利文、波蘭文、西班牙文、瑞典文、丹麥文、荷蘭文、世界語(Esperanto)及中文也都超過1萬筆。

 維基標榜是自由的百科全書,所以只要符合百科全書的需要與規範,任何人都可以自己在維基上撰寫新的詞條,或編輯、修改已經存在的詞條,在資訊上實踐「人人為我、我為人人」的烏托邦理想。

 撰寫或修改維基百科很容易,在任何詞條中一旦看到紅色的連結,那就代表是空的詞條。點進去,任何人就可以開始創造新的詞條。而已經存在的條目也能隨時修改。當然,你可以改別人的,別人也可以改你的,而且維基百科使用自由軟體基金會的GNU版權協定,一旦東西寫上去,就代表捐出去了。

 一直推廣資訊自由化、也曾經撰文鼓勵學生在維基上當志工的輔大教授毛慶禎表示,維基上的知識大家都可以修改,意義就像社區大學一樣,知識不再被少數人壟斷,任何人都可以表達自己的看法,但是個人提供的知識是否被接受,則由社會來判斷。新竹師院研究生王鐘銘也認為,以往我們都會認為知識應該來自權威,不過在維基百科上,每個人都只是一個代號,一切內容靠自律、討論,可改變許多大家對權威的想法。

 中文維基管理員Mountain表示,英文版的維基百科已經有26萬筆詞條,可以當成一般的百科全書來使用。而中文維基目前才剛突破1萬筆,王鐘銘、大陸維基人Fontainebleau都認為,因為才剛起步,還充斥了許多「外行人」的作品,暫時無法作為知識的終點。

 維基百科目前只有一個非營利的Wikimedia基金會負責募款,而管理者、編輯則都是來自世界各地的志工。很多參與過維基的人,都認為這是個會讓人上癮的計畫,目前Wikipedia共有1萬4千多位註冊過的「維基人」,其中有半數參與了超過5個詞條的編輯、撰寫、約十分之一則超過百條,而每天維基百科都能吸引超過60萬的使用者。

如何成為維基人?從最熟悉題材下手
 標榜人人都可以自由參與的維基百科(Wikipedia),已經吸引上千位中文版編輯,也就是所謂的「維基人」,他們撰寫自己熟習的詞條,也鼓勵大家來當維基人,而許多人一參加維基就上癮,很多人都希望自己可以寫到老。

 「Mountain」是中文維基的創始者之一,目前在北京讀研究所,他認為寫作是最好的學習方法,寫維基的過程中,大家都能夠學習,他也希望未來維基能成為一個「有情趣的學習場所」。

 就讀新竹師院台灣語言與語文教育所的王鐘銘(Mingwangx),則是另一個活躍的維基人,他曾經參與過上百個詞條的撰寫、修改,以語言學及非營利領域為主,例如「語言學」、「台灣話」、「音韻學」、「漢語音韻學」、「非營利組織」、「非政府組織」及「點擊捐贈」等。

 王鐘銘表示,維基百科讓人人都可以參與編輯的概念很好玩,所以他會想要寫一些自己熟悉的東西。同時,他對於這種由下而上產生的知識是否能成功,也抱持著好奇、觀望的心態。

 「百科全書要從何寫起啊?」維基雖然自由、開放,但很多人卻不知道該從何下手,資深的維基人建議新手應該就近取材。王鐘銘表示,一開始應該寫自己最熟悉的領域,例如他住在淡水,就在「淡水鎮」這個詞條起了頭,「外國人再怎麼厲害,對台灣還是沒有比我們了解」。

 就讀於上海復旦大學的過智俊今年3月才開始寫維基百科,因為自己的姓氏「過」比較少見,所以他除了寫「過」這個姓之外,也介紹了「過百齡」及「過探先」二位過姓名人。

維基人憂大陸觀點壟斷中文版,大陸人歡迎台灣人
 中文版維基百科(zh.wikipedia.org)近期慶祝第1萬筆詞條出現,這是維基百科中,成長最快的一個語言,但每次遇到政治性詞條,也常因為立場不夠中立而爭議不休,一個詞條可能修改了幾百次也沒有結果。由於目前參加的台灣人少,很多大陸人都希望台灣人可以多上去表達自己的立場。

 在維基百科中,中文是一個獨立的類別,只要會輸入中文字,誰都可以參與這個類別所有詞條的編輯。有趣的是,由於兩岸三地網友都能輸入中文,所以「台北市萬華區」可能由大陸人建立、台北市則有香港人參與,台灣人也可以修改「中華人民共和國史」。

 寫百科全書本來就是一件困難的事情,寫得讓所有立場的人都沒有爭議,更困難。在維基百科上,關於台灣、大陸、日本、人權等詞條,經常引發激辯,維基管理員Shizhao認為,政治性的詞條只要維持中立,不夾雜個人情感與意見,將所有事實及各方立場都寫出來,就不容易有爭議。

 維基百科中文版突破1萬筆詞條後,重要性將愈來愈高,但新竹師院研究生王鐘銘及香港網友石添小草卻異口同聲地說:「台灣人參與太少」。王鐘銘表示,比較前衛的網路活動,台灣通常只有一小群人參加,搞來搞去都是同一批人,其中參加維基百科的更是少之又少。而石添小草則擔心在大陸網路急速發展之後,會有許多內容被大陸人或所謂的中國觀點壟斷,而他相信一個觀點只因為人多就被壟斷時,是非常不健康的,台灣人多參加維基的事務,可以提供比較平衡的觀點。(中晚 2004/05/16)

2004-05-17

突如其来的破坏

今天从北京时间19:30左右开始直到21:30维基百科上遭到来自19个ip地址的破坏活动,大约110页页面上被加入了类似sjdjdoisos的垃圾。受到破坏的页面已经Shizhao和Xyb修复。

2004-05-10

维基百科获得电子艺术大奖

《新京报》记者 周文翰 2004年5月10日 报道

维基百科在世界范围内获得越来越广泛的认同,以自由编写、免费使用为特色的维基百科网络自由百科全书最近获得奥地利电子艺术中心颁发的电子艺术大奖(Prix Ars Electronica)“电子社群”组别最高奖——金尼卡奖。同时中国多媒体艺术家冯梦波获得了“交互艺术组”的优异奖。
电子艺术大奖(Prix Ars Electronica)是一项电子交互艺术、计算机动画、计算机文化和音乐的年度大奖。该奖于1987年创立,由奥地利电子艺术中心颁发。电子艺术大奖共分为三个级别的奖项:金尼卡奖(Golden Nica)、优异奖(Distinction)和荣誉奖(Honourary Mentions)。2004年该奖共分为六个组别:“电脑动画/视觉效果”、“电子音乐”、“交互艺术”、“网络视觉”、“电子社群”和“19岁以下”组别。维基百科获得2004年新设立的“电子社群”组别最高奖——金尼卡奖。而中国艺术家冯梦波获得交互艺术组的优异奖。
此外维基词典在被誉为互联网界奥斯卡奖的威比奖(Webby)评选中也遥遥领先,极有可能获得今年的威比最佳实践奖和社群奖。威比奖是由国际数字艺术与科学学院主办的评选全球最佳网站的奖项。这个奖项开始于1996年,评选注重于创新和技术上,而不注重商业模式和盈利。威比奖一个最大的特色就是领奖人发表致辞时,最多不能超过5个词。
最早参与中文维基百科的成员mountain说中文维基百科条目也已经接近一万条,“这将是一个里程碑”,同时5月份他们也开始了天中文维基词典计划,这是维基百科的姊妹计划,以收录各种语言的词汇为己任,中文维基词典的任务就是用中文解释各种语言的词汇,“望中文维基词典可以经过几年的建设,成为大家今后查词典的一个必去的网站”。Mountain也提到中文维基百科在发展中的最大问题是热心的参与人员太少,“最近一段时间每天上维基百科的用户还在10个以内”,而英文维基百科有数千活跃的成员。